This is a tutorial on how you can use your HTC Desire – Android Froyo as a portable Wi-Fi hotspot via a paid mobile internet.

On your Phone:

1. Make sure that you have configured the APN for your phone, otherwise call your network’s customer service to learn how. (for Globe prepaid subscribers check my previous post about APN config)

   

2. Configure the ‘Portable Wi-Fi hotspot settings’.
   • Go to ‘Settings’ > ‘Wi-fi and networks’ > tap on ‘Portable Wi-Fi hotspot settings’
   • Fill out the following fields:
     1. Router name: <mine is ‘HTC Network’>
     2. Security: <mine is WPA (TKIP)>
     3. Password : <I recommend to use this feature to prevent strangers from connecting to your phone.>
     4. Press ‘menu’ button > Tap on ‘Advanced’
        • Wi-Fi Channel : <default is Auto>
        • LAN Settings : <leave as is if you don’t know what to put on these fields>
        • Power mode:  <tap to choose what would happen in case of prolonged inactivity>
     5. Tap on ‘Manage users’
        • Enable ‘Allowed users only’
        • Tap on ‘Max. connections’ to increase or decrease the number of allowed connections. Your options are from 2-8.
3. Turn on ‘Mobile Network’.

   There are 2 ways to do this:

   • By doing a long press on the power button and tap ‘Mobile Network’ to switch on or off
   • By going to Settings > Wireless and Networks > Tap on the checkbox for ‘Mobile Network’
4. Turn on hotspot. Go to ‘Settings’ > Wireless and Networks > Tap on the checkbox. The ‘Wi-Fi hotspot active’ icon shows up on the topmost left of the screen.

On your computer:

Check the wireless network connections available, you will now see the “HTC Network” as an option. Select this network and enter the password you have previously set.  Surf and enjoy.

In your phone do the following:

• Go to ‘Settings’
• Select ‘Wireless and Networks’
• Tap on ‘Mobile Networks’
• Choose ‘Access Point Names’
• Press ‘menu’ button and select  “New APN”
• In the “Add/Edit Access Point” screen you will mostly type the following values for these fields:

1.       Name: myglobeconnect

2.       APN: http.globe.com.ph

3.       Proxy:  <should be blank>

4.       Port:  <should be blank>

5.       Username:  <should be blank>

6.       Password: <should be blank>

7.       Server:  <should be blank>

8.       MMSC: <should be blank>

9.       MMS proxy: <should be blank>

10.   MMS port: <should be blank>

11.   MMS protocol:  Wap 2.0 <select the default value; leave as is>

12.   MCC: 515

13.   MNC: 02

14.   Authentication type: select ‘None’

15.   APN type: either type ‘default’ or ‘internet’

If it doesn’t work instantly you might want to go to an area which has a strong signal. You could also turn off your phone, remove the battery and turn on after a minute and try reconnecting by turning on "Mobile Network" in the "Wireless and Networks" screen; or try doing a long press on the power button and tap on "Mobile Network" to either turn it on or off.

You can always delete the APN presets of your phone if you like and set a new APN. You can return these anytime, while on the APN’s screen press the ‘menu’ button and select ‘Reset to default’. Warning: this would delete all the APN changes you had made.

You will see this icon when you've successfully connected to the mobile network.

Fee: PHP 5.00 for 15 minutes

For my next two articles, I would discuss how to use your HTC Desire (or Andoid Froyo) as a USB modem or a portable WI-FI hotspot.

             Being a web programmer, my work is closely tied to what the new media has to offer. The great amount of time that I spend in writing programs and browsing the internet puts me at a favorable situation to discuss second orality and its effects in the social construction of reality, ideology, power and domination. My reflection about the aforementioned subjects and concepts would be mostly based on Walter J. Ong’s book, Orality and Literacy.

            Ong stated in his book, Orality and Literacy,that a “second orality” is arising in Western societies with the advent of telephone, television and new electronic technologies”. I’d like to believe that Ong had successfully predicted what we are all experiencing at this day and age on the web, which is the profound publication of user-generated content.

I was also surprised that Ong included writing computer programs in his study, and considered it to be a performative literature. I agree when he expressed that although writing programs is not seen as a form of writing by the current literary tradition, it has subgenres that make up the performative works which most education people today encounter most frequently. [1]

After reading Gidden’s formulation of the dialectic of control as a process of enablement as well as constraint [2], I have come to realize that yes, the web applications that I create provoke human interaction and somehow there’s power and domination in my creation since my software defines the scope and limitation of usability, especially if internet users would rely on my application because it offers some information or interactivity that they would find dependable or addictive.

Affirming in a study entitled, “The Media Construction of Everyday Reality”, it stated that “media operates upon several levels in influencing and shaping both worldview and cultural and psychological patterning of human behavioral response”[3], Considering that new media has adopted the presentation and content of traditional media, at least to some extent, I believe that the current state of the World Wide Web is now almost equal in changing and shaping the point of view of those people who are considered to be free thinkers. To prove this point I remember how President Barack Obama, the first African-American president, launched an evolutionary campaign on the web, which immensely influenced and convinced internet users in the United States to vote for him. He was one of the first successful politicians to harness the potencial of the web.

Ong affirmed that with the development of print, Western culture moved event further away from a hearing dominated sensory world to one governed by sight [4], I suppose this has been more compelling in the advent of Web 2.0. He also goes to great pains to indicate that he feels that neither orality nor literacy is superior[4]. I agree with him. I believe that an idea is still an idea, regardless of whatever form an idea is presented. It doesn’t matter which medium is superior or inferior, what’s important is how both technology or method promotes growth and helps human beings in reaching their full potential.

 References:

[1] Orality and Literacy; Walter Ong; http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~mhalber/Research/Guides/ong-oral.html

[2] Communication and Power in organizations: Discourse, Ideology and Domination; Dennis K. Mumby; http://www.cjc-online.ca/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/570/476

[3] The Media Construction of Everyday Reality;  Feb 2005; http://www.lewismicropublishing.com/Publications/SystemsEssaysIII/MediaConstructionEverydayLifeSEIII.htm

[4] Review of Walter J. Ong's Orality and Literacy; http://www.engl.niu.edu/wac/ong_rvw.html

 A Buzzword

As of date we are currently in the second wave of the World Wide Web which is popularly known as “Web 2.0”. After reading several articles about the meaning of Web 2.0 I can say that there is no direct or standard definition for it, although many articles give similar details on its characteristics, technologies, concepts and usage.

According to the Wikipedia page for “Web 2.0” this was how the World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee described the term “Web 2.0” in a podcast interview. [1]

"Nobody really knows what it means...If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along." [1]

Referring on the same article, Tim O’Reilly, who is generally credited for coining the term, defined the concept as, “the web as the platform”. [1]

While in Investopedia Financial Dictionary, the concept of “Web 2.0 does not refer to any technical upgrades to the Internet; it simply refers to a shift in how it is used”.[2]

When looking at the various definitions of Web 2.0 it is imperative to study the evolution of some aspects of the web in order for us to have a clear understanding of the developments in hypertext, hypermedia, interactivity and social media, and try to predict or determine what will be the ultimate manifestation of Web 2.0.

Hypertext, Hypermedia and Interactivity

            It is written in Wikipedia that hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the internet. [3] In effect, though already existing since 1977, hypertext was made famous by the World Wide Web, as stated in Lincoln University Internet Encyclopedia [4].

Although existing definitions of “hypermedia” vary slightly from hypertext, and may have been used interchangeably, author Ted Nelson – who coined both terms in 1965 – wrote in 1992:

“By now the word "hypertext" has become generally accepted for branching and responding text, but the corresponding word "hypermedia", meaning complexes of branching and responding graphics, movies and sound – as well as text – is much less used.”[3]

Whether both terms are used incorrectly or interchangeably it is undeniable that the development of hypermedia has been a great catalyst for the popular reception of interactive CD-ROMs and the World Wide Web, according to Darren Hughes in his article Taking the "Hype" Out of Hypermedia: A Teaching Tool [5]

In Clay Carr's article, "Hypertext: A New Training Tool?" (1988) Carr sees the greatest potential for hypertext in data retrieval, in allowing "a user to access information in an associative, intuitive way-without regard for its actual location or for any visible database structure". [5] The overwhelming growth of the World Wide Web is strong validation of this theory. Cloud computing, touted as one of the technologies to be greatly utilized in Web 2.0, and social media are perfect examples of this purpose.

As indicated by David Lowe and Wendy Hall in their book Hypermedia and the Web, in terms of the current state of hypermedia, we are now at a point where many of the technical limitations associated with handling various forms of media have been removed - at least to a limited extent. Similarly we have begun to develop an understanding of how to manage the various technologies in a reasonably cohesive fashion. But this has lead to the current situation of a hypermedia as a tool for information provision and procurement, rather than the broader concept of a tool for information utilization.[6]

The word "interactive" is often used as a synonym for new media such as the World Wide Web. “Interactivity” on the other hand, as per Denis McQuail, is the ratio of response or initiative on the part of the user to the offer of the source/sender.[7] Several articles supported that the internet is one of the most excellent systems to elicit human interaction. McMillan states that interactivity can occur at many different levels and degrees of engagement and that it is important to differentiate between these levels. User-to-user interaction via the internet; para-social interaction, where new forms of media are generated online; and user-to-system interactivity which is the way devices can be engaged with by a user.[7]

Web applications have become more sophisticated, therefore prompting internet users to upload their own images, documents, audio, and videos online. Considering that the internet has a communication model of many-to-many, rather than the traditional one-to-many, we can say that the chances of reaching other people globally through your uploaded data is immensely huge. Interactivity in the new media has played a big role in promoting liberal democracy and free market in Web 2.0. Sharing the same thought is Paul Graham in his article, “Want to start a start up?”, He believes that the second big element of Web 2.0 is democracy. He says, “We now have several examples to prove that amateurs can surpass professionals, when they have the right kind of system to channel their efforts.”[8]

Social Media

            The rise of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter changed how we communicate and collaborate, at least to some remote and virtual degree. User-generated content is considered to be one of the highlights of Web 2.0.

            In a status report entitled, ”User Generated Content, Social Media, And Advertising” by the Interactive Status Bureau, it was written that, “Social networking is the ultimate manifestation of user generated content, and as such, holds more potential for growth than any other form of content on the Web today.”

But not everyone did not like the outcome of this new model, critics such as Andrew Keen argue that Web 2.0 has created a cult of digital narcissism and amateurism, which undermines the notion of expertise by allowing anybody, anywhere to share and place undue value upon their own opinions about any subject and post any kind of content, regardless of their particular talents, knowledge, credentials, biases or possible hidden agendas.[9]

Conclusion

            After reading various sources about Web 2.0, hypertext, hypermedia, interactivity and social media, I’ve learned that the two major paradigm shifts during this phase are user-generated content and cloud computing. If I were to choose which of the two manifests the concepts of Web 2.0 more, I would have to choose user-generated content, because first of all cloud computing would not exist if it weren’t for the data and information uploaded by the internet users. Second, because a lot of breakthroughs happened not only in human socializing per se but also in marketing and advertising.

            For now I believe that the ultimate manifestation of Web 2.0 lies in social media.

References:

[1]Web 2.0; Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

[2] Web 2.0; Investopedia Financial Dictionary; http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/web-20.asp

[3] Hypertext; Wikipedia ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext

[4] Hypertext; Lincoln University Internet Encyclopedia; http://www.lincoln.edu/math/rmyrick/ComputerNetworks/InetReference/12.htm

[5] Taking the "Hype" Out of Hypermedia: A Teaching Tool; Darren Hughes; http://www.longpauses.com/hype.htm

[6] What is hypermedia?; Chapter 2 of Hypermedia and the Web by David Lowe and Wendy Hall; http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/lac/LoweNHall/extracts/Hypermedia.html

[7] Interactivity;Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity

[8] Want to start a start up?; http://paulgraham.com/web20.html

[9] Social Media; Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media

[10] User Generated Content, Social Media ,and Advertising — An Overview; http://www.iab.net/ugcplatform

1. In your terminal go to the path of the parent directory or top folder, wherein you want to start searching for the files

2. Execute this command to find the files ending with "~"

find . -name "*.*~" -exec ls {} \;

3. Execute this command to find the files starting with "~"

find . -name "~*" -exec ls {} \;

4. Execute this command to delete the files ending with "~"

find . -name "*.*~" -exec rm -f \;

5. Execute this command to delete the files starting with "~"

find . -name "~*" -exec rm -f \;

Hope this helps!